Which type of supplementation has been shown to decrease the energy cost of weight gain in malnutrition?

Zinc supplementation has been shown to decrease the energy cost of weight gain in malnutrition. This is particularly significant in pediatric populations where malnutrition can impair growth and development. Zinc plays a critical role in numerous biochemical processes essential for growth and cellular metabolism, including protein synthesis and immune function.

In malnourished children, zinc deficiency can lead to impaired appetite and altered metabolism, making it more challenging to gain weight and achieve proper nutritional status. Supplementing with zinc can help improve appetite and promote better nutrient utilization, thereby reducing the energy required for weight gain. This mechanism can lead to a more efficient recovery from malnutrition, allowing for effective weight gain with less overall energy expenditure.

Other supplements like iron, calcium, and vitamin D have important roles in health, particularly in nutrient absorption, bone health, and overall metabolic functions, but they do not have the same direct impact on reducing the energy costs associated with weight gain in malnourished patients as zinc does.