According to studies, exclusively breastfed infants have a reduced risk of which illness?

Exclusively breastfed infants are shown to have a reduced risk of otitis media, which is a common ear infection. This protective effect is primarily attributed to the immunological factors present in breast milk. Breast milk contains antibodies, specifically secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), and other immunologically active components that help shield infants from infections, including those that can lead to otitis media. Moreover, breastfeeding promotes optimal development of the infant's immune system, reducing the likelihood of infections in early life.

Research has consistently indicated that breastfeeding can lower the incidence and severity of respiratory infections and gastrointestinal conditions, both of which may be related to otitis media. Therefore, the association between exclusive breastfeeding and a decreased incidence of otitis media reinforces recommendations from pediatric health organizations to encourage breastfeeding for the first six months of life for better overall health outcomes.

In contrast, the other illnesses listed—monkeypox, rheumatoid arthritis, and COVID-19—do not have established direct links with breastfeeding in terms of risk reduction.